Chapter 4

Costs and margins

Cost is not a pricing input for this product. The platform costs about £161 a month fixed and 3–14p per worker per month variable, against prices of £1.30–£3.19 per worker. The one cost decision that matters is how often you send an SMS code.

The numbers that matter
  • Fixed platform cost: £160.65 a month (£1,928 a year) with a proper database and monitoring, up to about 3,000 workersS5, S6, S23. About £255 a month above that.
  • A UK phone verification costs 7.8pS1, S2. Verified monthly, that is 58–82% of all cost of goods. Verified only on a new device, it is 1.3p per worker per month.
  • Everything else is rounding: translating a 300-word post into six languages costs 0.5pS4; Mux captions are free and 100,000 delivery minutes a month are freeS3.
  • Gross margin 94–99% at list prices with the recommended login policy; 89–97% even if you verify every month.
  • Break-even on the fixed cost is about 75 paid workers: one Site customer.

The one product decision that decides the cost line

Login policyVerifications / worker / year£ / worker / monthCOGS at 1,000 workersVerdict
A. Verify every login, monthly (as the app does today with 30-day sessions)12£0.078£133 / monthDo not ship
B. Device-bound session, re-verify every 90 days4£0.026£82 / monthAcceptable
C. Device-bound session; re-verify only on a new device, cleared storage, or a 180-day gap≈2£0.013£68 / monthRecommended
D. As C, own one-time codes over plain SMS (drop Twilio Verify)≈2£0.007£62 / monthSaves 47% of message cost; you lose Verify's SMS-pumping fraud protection. Revisit above ~50,000 verifications a year.

Do this in the product before the first paying customer: long-lived device-bound sessions with re-verification only on a new device. It is simultaneously the cheapest option and the best experience: a site operative should never be asked for a code to read a safety briefing.

If a customer insists on SMS delivery of posts (some will, on sites with no wifi), that is 4.1p per message per worker: eight posts a month to 500 workers is £165 of pass-through against a £950 subscription, 17% of revenue gone. Price it at 8p a message or exclude it on the order form. Push is free, which is why "does it work without an app?" is the demo's most important 30 seconds.

Fixed platform cost, per month

LineUp to ~3,000 workers~3,000–15,000 workersSource
Laravel Forge (Growth)£13.99£13.99S6
EC2 t4g.large, web/app, London£40.42£80.84 (×2)S5
EC2 t4g.medium, queue + Reverb + Redis£20.21£20.21S5
EBS gp3 disks£6.85 (est)£10.31 (est)S5
RDS MySQL db.t4g.medium£38.70 (single-AZ)£77.93 (multi-AZ)S23
RDS storage + backups£8.83 (est)£8.83 (est)S23
S3 + CloudFront£3.68£14.72S5
Error monitoring£14.72£14.72S23
Uptime monitoring£11.04£11.04S23
Email (SES), domain, DNS£2.21£2.21S23
Total fixed£160.65£254.80USD lines at 0.78 (S7)

Today TeamTalk runs MySQL on the same box as the app, which is about £45 a month cheaper than RDS. The table prices the setup you should be on before a plc customer asks about backups and point-in-time recovery, because they will.

Variable cost per worker per month

AssumptionsS20: 8 posts a month, 3 languages per site, 20% of posts with a 2-minute video, push for everything, verification policy C (about two verifications per worker per year).

DriverUnit pricePence / worker / monthSource
Phone verification (policy C)$0.05 + one UK SMS segment ≈ 7.8p per verification, ≈ 2 a year1.3S1, S2
Translation$0.20 / $1.20 per 1M tokens in / out; 0.5p per post into six languages, shared by the site0.02S4
Video encoding$0.025 per minute, once per video0.1S3
Video storage$0.0024 per minute per month0.1S3
Video delivery and captionsFree to 100,000 minutes a month; captions free0S3
Push notifications, realtimeFree (web push; self-hosted Reverb)0
Photo storage and egressS3 + CloudFront free tiers cover it0.1S5
Total variable, policy C≈ 1.5p
Total variable if you keep verifying monthly (policy A)≈ 8p
Add SMS delivery of 8 posts a month+ 33pS2

Cost per worker by platform size

All-in cost per worker per month = fixed cost ÷ workers on the platform + variable (policy C). Working: 50 → 160.65/50 + 0.07 = £3.28; 250 → £0.71; 1,000 → £0.23; 5,000 on the larger platform → 254.80/5,000 + 0.03 = £0.08. The first customer is loss-making on hosting; the second is not.

Gross margin at list prices

Workers on platformCOGS / worker (policy C)at £1.30 (top band, full)at £1.80 (Site, full)at £2.20 (≤250 band, full)at £3.19 (501 band floor)
250£0.06994.7%96.2%96.9%97.8%
1,000£0.06994.7%96.2%96.9%97.9%
5,000£0.03297.6%98.2%98.6%99.0%

Calculator

variable cost / worker / month
all-in cost / worker / month
total monthly cost
gross margin

Unit prices in the calculator: verification 7.8p (S1, S2), SMS 4.1p (S2), Mux encoding and storage (S3), translation and storage as above, USD at 0.78 (S7).

What it costs to run the business for a year (not the product)

Line£, 12 monthsNote
Infrastructure (fixed platform)1,930£160.65 × 12
Twilio verification + fallback SMS400Depends entirely on the login policy above
OpenAI, Mux, S3/CloudFront150Negligible at this scale
Monitoring, uptime, email, domains600
Cyber Essentials + ICO fee + Companies House490CE £320 + VAT; ICO £52; confirmation statement £50S8, S9
Insurance (PI, PL, cyber)1,200Estimate; three broker quotesS10
Legal: contract + DPA review1,500Once, before customer oneS11
Accountant1,500
Sales tooling (LinkedIn Sales Navigator, HubSpot free, email)1,300Sales Navigator is the big line
Travel to sites and offices2,500This sector does not buy over Zoom alone
Two demo handsets and contracts700The demo needs a real phone
Collateral and case-study design800
Pen test (month 8), Cyber Essentials Plus5,500Estimates; defer both until a named deal is gated on them in writing
Non-salary total18,570 (13,070 with the last line deferred)
Founder living costs30,000–45,000The real number
Cash needed for 12 months≈ 49,000–64,000Covered by base-case revenue: about £34k. Plan for £50k–£65k of runwayS25.

The business is not capital-intensive: infrastructure is under £200 a month and gross margin is above 94%. The entire cash requirement is your time and the length of UK construction procurement. Do not spend on ISO 27001 or Cyber Essentials Plus until a specific deal is gated on it in writing.